1 접속사: 단어, 구, 절을 연결. 등위접속사, 종속접속사가 있음
Peter and I are brothers.(등위접속사)
I know that he is honest.(종속접속사)
2 등위접속사
1)and: 그리고, 그러자, 그러면
Hurry up, and you will catch the bus.
=If you hurry up, you will catch the bus.
2)but: 그러나, 하지만
Excuse me, but will you tell me the way to the station?
3)or: 혹은, 또는, 그렇지않으면
Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
=If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the train.
4)so: 그래서
I was very hungry, so I ate dinner early.
5)for:왜냐하면...이므로 (판단의 근거:' 결과, for+원인' 순서)
He may be hungry, for he hasn't eaten lunch.
6)관용표현
(1) both A and B: A와 B 둘 다(전체 긍정: 복수취급)
Both John and I grew up in small towns.
(2) either A or B: A나 B 중의 하나(양자택일: B에 일치)
You can take either a bus or a taxi.
(3) neither A nor B: A와 B 둘 다 아니다(B에 일치)
I know neither him nor his brother.(전체부정)
비교) I don't know both him and his brother.(부분부정)
(4) not A but B: A가 아니고 B이다(B에 일치)
This umbrella is not mine but hers.
(5) not only A but (also) B= B as well as A: A뿐만 아니라 B도
(B에 일치)
Not only I but also you are right.
= You as well as I are right.
3 종속접속사
1)명사절
(1)that: ...라는 것
주어절: It.... that.....(가주어-진주어 구문)
That he will come is certain.
=It is certain (that) he will come.
목적어절: 타동사의 목적어. that 생략 가능
He says (that) he'll do his best.
보어절:
The fact is (that) he can't speak English well.
(2)whether[if]: ...할지 안할지, ...인지 아닌지
Whether he will come or not is another question.
=It is another question whether he will come or not.
2)형용사절: 관계대명사절, 관계부사절
This is the boy whom I met.
This is the time when you study hard.
3)부사절
(1)때: when(...할 때), as(...하고 있을 때, ...하면서, ...하자마자),
while(...하고 있는 동안에), before(...하기 전에), after(...한
후에), until[till](...할 때까지), since(...한 이래 줄곧), as
soon as(...하자마자)
I'll ring you when I get there.
Wash your hands before you eat dinner.
=You eat dinner after you wash your hands.
(주의)
He didn't arrive until the dinner is half over.
(식사가 반쯤 끝나서야 비로소 그가 도착했다.)
She has been ill since last Sunday.
As soon as I got up, I went out.
=I had hardly got up when[before] I went out.
=Hardly had I got up when[before] I went out.
=No sooner had I got up than I went out.
=On getting up, I went out.
(2)이유: because, since, as(...이므로)
He can't come because[since/as] he has no money.
=He has no money, so he can't come.
(3)목적: so+형,부+ that ...: 매우 --하여 ...하다
such +a[an]+ 형+ 명+ that...: 매우 --이므로 ...하다
The book is so easy that she can read it.
=The book is easy enough for her to read.
He is so young that he can't go to school.
=He is too young to go to school.
He was such a kind man that everybody loves him.
(비교)=He was so kind a man that everybody loves him.
(4)결과: so that -- may[can]...: ...하기 위하여, ...할 수 있도록
He left early so that he might catch the train.
(5)조건: if( 만약 ...이라면), unless[=if not](만약 ...가 아니라면)
You'll be late unless you hurry up.
=You'll be late if you don't hurry up.
=Hurr up, or you'll be late.
(6)양보: though, although(...에도 불구하고, ...이지만),
whether... or not(...이든 아니든), even if[even though]
(비록 ...일지라도)
He finished first though he began last.
=He began last, but he finished first.
Whether it rains or not, the party will be held.
(비교)I don't know whether he will do it or not.
=I don't know if he will do it.
(7)기타:
as[so] far as (거리, 정도, 범위: ...하는 한, ...하는 한 멀리)
As[So] far as I know, she is not married.
as[so] long as (...하는 한은, ...하는 동안에는)
As[So] long as I live, I will help you.
as(양태: ...와 같이, ...대로)
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
4. 문제
1-6)( )에 알맞은 접속사를 써라.
1)Do you like bread ( ) butter?
2)He ran fast, ( ) he couldn't catch the dog.
3)He helped his mother, ( ) he was busy.
4)It began to rain, ( ) we stopped playing baseball in the park.
5)He must be at home, ( ) his car is in the yard.
6)Go ( ) buy some juice.
7-15)( ) 안에서 적당한 것을 골라라.
7)He is not only a statesman, (and, but) a scholar.
8)(Though, Because) he is small. he is good at playing baseball.
9)Either you (or, and) he is wrong.
10)He asked me (that, if) I would accept the invitation.
11)It was(so, such) a cold night that we stayed at home.
12)Make hay (during, while) the sun shines.
13)I have known him (while, since) he was a child.
14)Look out (and, or) you will get hurt.
15)I'll call on you (lest, unless) it rains heavily.
16-23)두 문장의 의미가 같도록 ( )에 써라.
16)Tom is busy. Helen is busy, too.
=( ) Tom ( ) Helen are busy.
17)She is not rich, but she is happy.
=( ) she is not rich, she is happy.
18)I got to the hotel and went to bed at once.
=( )( )( ) I got to the hotel, I went to bed.
19)If you don't take a taxi, you'll be late for the exam.
=Take a taxi, ( ) you'll be late for the exam.
20)He is too tired to go out.
=He is ( ) tired ( ) he cannot go out.
21)Not only Jim but also Bob must go.
=Bob ( )( )( ) Jim must go.
22)This bus will take you to the park.
=( ) you take this bus, you'll get to the park.
23)I neither smoke nor drink.
=I don't ( ) smoke ( ) drink.