1 분사
1)분사의 종류와 형태
(1)현재분사: 동.원+ing ex) talking, writing
(2)과거분사: 동.원+ed ex) talked, written
2)분사의 역할
(1)진행형(현.분:능동,진행-...하고 있는, ...하는),
완료형,수동태(과.분: 수동, 완료- ...되어진, ...한)를 만든다
I am going to the airport.(진행형)
I have seen her once.(완료형)
He was respected by everyone.(수동태)
(2)형용사 역할
1 명사수식(한정적):
I know the sleeping girl.(자고 있는)
I know the burnt child.(불에 덴)
2 보어(서술적):
Tom came running. (뛰어서)
They looked tired. (피곤해)
(3)부사구를 이끈다(분사구문)
Coming into the room, he looked around.
(그는 방으로 들어오면서 주위를 둘러보았다.)
2 분사의 용법
1)한정적 용법
(1)분사가 단독으로 명사 수식: 명사 앞에 위치
Look at the sleeping boy.(boy 수식)
My garden is filled with fallen leaves.(leaves 수식)
(2)분사가목적어,보어,부사구등을수반:명사뒤에위치
The woman driving the car is Jane.( woman 수식)
(=The woman who is driving the car is Jane.)
Look at the mountain covered with snow.(mountain 수식)
=Look at the mountain that is coveed with snow.
2)서술적 용법
(1)주격보어:<S+V+분사>
Jane came running.(...하면서: 달리면서)
He stood surrounded by a lot of boys.(...하여진: 둘러싸여)
(2)목적격보어:<S+V+O+분사>
I saw her crying.(...하고 있는 것을, ...하도록:진행, 능동-그녀가
she was crying. 울고 있는 것)
I found the window broken. (...하여진, ...된: 수동-창문이 깨진것)
the window was broken.
3)have+ O+ p.p
(1)I mist repair the car.(자신이 직접 수리)
I must have the car repaired. (다른 사람에게 시킴)
(2)(사역:...시키다)I had the car repaired. (차를 수리시켰다)
(수동:...당하다)I had the car stolen. (차를 도난당했다)
3 분사구문
1)부사절을 분사로 시작하는 부사구로 간결하게 한 것
(1)접속사+주어+동사 기능 겸함
(2)주절 수식: 부사구
(3)이유, 때, 부대상황, 조건, 양보를 나타냄
2)분사구문 만드는 법
[부사절] When he saw the dog, he ran away.
1 2 3
[분사구문]X X Seeing the dog, he ran away.
---------------
(그 개를 보자)
1 접속사 생략( 분사구문의 의미가 애매해지는 것을 피하기 위해
남겨 둘 수도 있음)-->2 주어:주절과 같으면 생략, 다르면 남김
-->3 동사: 주절시제와 같으면 단순형(v-ing),빠르면 완료형
(having v-ed)
3)분사구문의 의미
(1)이유:... 때문에( as , because, since)
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
=Because[Since/As] I felt tired, I ................................. .
(2)때:... 할 때(when), ... 하는 동안(while), ...한 후에(after)
Listening to the radio, I heard the telephone ring.
=When[While] I was listening to the radio, I .................. .
(3)부대상황
1동시동작: ...하면서(as)-분사구문의 동작과 주절의 동작이 동시에
일어남
He lay on the grass, thinking of his family.
=He lay on the grass as he thought of his family.
2연속동작: 그리고 ...하다(and)-하나의 동작 뒤에 또 다른 동작이
연속적으로 일어남
They started in the morning, reaching[=and reached] their
home before sunset.
(4)조건: ...하면(if)
Taking[=If you take] this train, you will get to Seoul.
(5)양보: 비록 ...하더라도(though)
Living[=Though I live] near his house, I have seldom seen him.
4 주의해야할 분사구문
1)독립분사구문: 분사구문의 의미상주어가 그 문장의 주어와 일치하지
않을 경우 따로 주어를 표시
As night came on, we started for home.(night= we)
=Night coming on, we ........................................ .
2)과거분사로 시작하는 분사구문: 수동태 Being +p.p에서 Being이
생략된 형태
As he was tired from the work, he fell asleep.
=Being tired from the work, he ..................... .
=Tired from the work, he ............................ .
3)분사구문의 부정: not, never를 분사의 바로 앞에 둠
As I didn't receive any answer, I called him again.
=Not receiving any answer, I ................... .
4)완료형 분사구문: 주절의 동사보다 한 시제 앞선 일을 나타냄
As I had finished my work, I went out for a walk.
=Having finished my work, I ................................ .
5)비인칭 돌립분사구문: 분사구문의 의미상 주어가 주절의 주어와 다른
경우라도 일반인(we, you, they, people)을 나타내는 경우는 주어가
달라도 생략
Frankly speaking, you are too young to come with me.
*관용표현
frankly speaking( 솔직히 말해)
generally speaking( 일반적으로 말해서)
judging from( ...로 판단하건대)
5 분사구문을 부사절로 고치는 요령
Being ill, I could not go out.
As I was ill, I ...................... .(아팠기 때문에)
1 해석을 해보아 적절한 접속사 찾기-->2 부사절의 주어 찾기
(분사구문에 주어가 없을 때: 주절의 주어와 일치)-->3 분사를
동사로 고침(단순형:v-ing --> 주절시제와 같게, 완료형:having
v-ed -->주절시제보다 빠르게)
6 문제
1-4)다음 두 문장의 뜻이 같도록 ( )에 알맞은 단어를 써라.
1)The lady is my teacher. She sits in the chair.
=The lady ( ) in the chair is my teacher.
2)I saw Tom. He was crossing the street.
=I saw Tom ( ) the street.
3)She sat. She was surrounded by many peole.
=She sat ( ) by many people.
4)This is the photo. My brother took it.
=This is the photo ( )( ) my brother.
5-9)( )에서 알맞은 것을 골라라.
5)He found his name (to write, writing, written) in the wall.
6)The child (raising, raised, rose) his right hand is Ned.
7)I heard my name (call, calling, called).
8)I am sorry to keep you (waitint, to wait, waited).
9)The news was very (surprising, surprised).
10)어법상 어색한 것은?
Seeing from the plane, the island was really beautiful, and
1 2 3
I felt excited.
4 5
11-16)줄친 부분을 분사구문이나 부사절로 고쳐라.
11)When she entered the room, she found them smoking.
12)Because he didn't like to stay home, he went out of the house.
13)As it was very windy, we couldn't climb the mountain.
14)Hearing the news, he became very happy.
15)Being ill, I could not go out.
16)Tired out, he went out to work.