1.동명사의 용법
1)<주어>역할
Smoking is bad for you.
2)보어 역할
His job is playing the piano.
cf) He is playing the piano.
3)목적어 역할
(1)동사의 목적어
He gave up somking a month ago.
(2)전치사의 목적어
I am looking forward to seeing[ to see(x)] you soon.
4)<동명사+명사>와 <현재분사+명사>
(1)동명사+명사: 명사의 용도, 목적을 표시(...하기 위한)
a sleeping car= a car used for sleeping
(잠자기 위한 차 --> 침대차)
(2)현재분사+명사: 명사의 동작, 상태를 표시(...하고 있는)
a sleeping baby= a baby who is sleeping
(자고 있는 아기)
(3)강세의 차이
i)동명사: a dancing teacher(무용선생님)
ii)현재분사: a dancing teacher (춤추고 있는 선생님)
2.동명사의 의미상 주어
1)의미상 주어를 표시하지 않는 경우:
(1)전체 문장의 주어, 목적어와 일치할 경우
I like listening to music.
(2)일반인일 경우
Somking isn't allowed here.
2)의미상 주어를 표시하는 경우
: 의미상 주어는 격은 소유격이지만 ..은,는,이,가를 붙여 주어답게 해석
(1)명사의 소유격
She is proud of her son's being clever.
(2)무생물인 경우: 목적격
He is proud of his school having a beautiful garden.
3)두 문장의 의미 차이
(1)They insisted on paying the money.
(그들은 돈을 지불하겠다고 우겼다.: 돈을 지불하는 사람이 they)
(2)They insisted on my paying the money.
(그들은 내가 돈을 지불할 것을 주장했다.: 돈을 지불하는 사람이 I)
3.동명사의 시제
1)단순동명사(v-ing)
(1)술어동사와 <같은 때>
I am proud of my school having a long history.
=I am proud that my school has a long history.
(2)술어동사보다 <이전>을 나타내는 경우
:forget, remember, regret, after 다음에 오는 단순동명사는 술어동사보다
<이전>의 때를 나타냄
I'll never forget meeting you at the party.
(3)be sure of 다음의 단순동명사는 술어동사보다 <이후>의 때
I am sure of his coming.
=I am sure that he will come.
2)완료동명사(having v-ed): 술어동사가 나타내는 때보다 <이전>
(1)He denies having met her.
(현재) (과거,현재완료)
=He denies that he met[has met] her.
과거,현재완료
(2)I was proud of having won the prize.
과거 과거완료
=I was proud that I had won the prize.
과거완료
4.동명사의 수동태와 부정
1)동명사의 수동태:<being v-ed>
(1)Everybody likes being praised.
(2)<having been v-ed>
(3)동명사의 능동형이 수동의 의미를 나타내는 경우
: need, want, require (요구하다) 등의 목적어로 쓰인 동명사
This house needs painting.
=This house needs to be painted.
2)동명사의 부정: 동명사의 바로 앞에 not, never
I worried about Tom's not answering my letter.
5.동사의 목적어로서의 동명사, 부정사
1)동명사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사
(1)enjoy, give up, finish, mind, stop, put off
Do you mind my smoking?
(2)<stop+동명사>와 <stop+to-부정사>
He stopped talking. (그는 이야기를 그쳤다.)
He stopped to talk. (그는 이야기를 하기 위해 멈춰섰다.)
2)부정사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사
:want, wish, hope, expect, promise, decide
I hope to see you soon.
He promised to buy a bicycle for his son.
3)뜻의 별 차이 없이 들 다 목적어로 취할 수 있는 동사
:start, begin, continue
I begin writing a letter.
to write
4)(1)동명사 목적어: 일반적 사실
(2)부정사 목적어: 특정한 사실
I like swimming but I don't like to swim here.
5)뜻의 차이가 생기는 경우
(1)I tried sending her a love letter.(시험삼아 해보다)
I tried to send her a love letter, but I didn't know her address.
(...하려고 애쓰다)
(2) remember+v-ing: ...했던 것을 기억하다
remember+to-v: ...할 것을 기억하다
(3) forget+v-ing: ...했던 것을 잊다
forget+to-v: ...할 것을 잊다
6.동명사의 관용적 표현
1)It is no use[good] -ing: ...해도 소용없다
It is no use[good] getting angry with the waiter.
=It is useless to get angry with the waiter.
2)cannot help -ing: ...하지 않을 수 없다
She couldn't help loving him.
=She couldn't but love him.
3)go -ing: ...하러 가다
I'll go shopping.
4)keep[go] on -ing: 계속해서 ...하다
He kept on asking me for money.
5)on[upon] -ing: ..하자마자
On[Upon] seeing me, she exclaimed.
=As soon as she saw me, she exclaimed.
6)feel like -ing: ...하고 싶다
Do you feel like taking a walk?
7)be worth -ing: ...할 가치가 있다
They are worth repairing.
8)What[How] about -ing: ...하는 것이 어때?
What[How] about getting him a sweater?
9)spend ... (in) -ing: ...하는데 ...을 소비하다
I spent my time (in) reading books when young.
10)be busy -ing: ...하느라 바쁘다
He is very busy doing his homework.
=He is very busy with his homework.
7.문제
1)같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 동사를 알맞은 자리에 변형시켜 써라.
My hobby is tennis.(play)
(내 취미는 테니스를 치는 것이다.)
2-6)주어진 동사를 문맥상 알맞은 형태로 바꾸어라.
2)We must finish ( read ) this book by next Sunday.
3)She has decided ( go ) to college.
4)Don't forget ( say ) "Please" when you ask for something.
5)She's busy ( write ) letters.
6)Father told me to give up ( smoke ).
7-8)두 문장의 뜻이 되도록 ( )를 알맞게 채워라.
7)I am sure that she will win the race.
=I am sure of ( )( ) the race.
8)As soon as he left school, he went to Europe.
=( )( ) school, he went to Europe.
9)어법상 어색한 것은?
I remember to see her dance with a handsome man at the party
1 2 3 4
yesterday.
5
10)( )에 알맞은 형태로 고쳐라.
Stop ( talk ) and listen to me.
Mary went out without ( say ) good-bye.
11)줄친 부분과 용법이 같은 것은?
I like traveling very much.
(1)Who is the woman talking with Tom?
(2)We enjoyed playing tennis yesterday.
(3)She came running to me.
(4)I heard her speaking Chinese.
(5)They were singing a song in the room.
12-15)어법상 어색한 곳을 찾아 바르게 고쳐라.
12)He could not help tell me so.
13)Do you mind my play the piano here?
14)I could not but laughing at the sight.
15)Switzerland is worth to visit.
16-17)의미차에 유의하여 우리말로 옮겨라.
16)Bob stopped speaking to Beth.
Bob stopped to speak to Beth.
17)Remember to pay her the money.
I don't remember paying her the money.